Cerrahi Tedaviler

1- Breast Conserving Surgeries (OUR APPROACH)

• Lumpectomy + Axillary Sampling: Surgical removal of only the mass along with the surrounding tissue. We only perform this procedure for benign diseases.

• Lobectomy + Axillary Sampling: It is the surgical removal of the lobe where the structure determined to be cancer is located. It is known that around 80% of breast cancers recur in the same lobe.

• Quadrenectomy: When the mass in the breast exceeds a certain size and reaches 2-3 cm in length, it may spread not only to the lobe in which it is located, but also to adjacent lobes. Even small secondary tumor foci may develop around it. In this case, not just a single lobe must be removed, but several lobes side by side. Quadrenectomy is the procedure of removing a quarter of the breast, not a single lobe.

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•  Fascio Glandular Flap: When Lobectomy or Quadrenectomy is planned for the tumor in the breast, the surgery and the defect are large. If a part of the breast tissue is closed without repair, a gap or collapse will occur in the breast. The correction of this gap is possible with fascioglanduler flap..

• Subcutaneous Mastectomy + Axillary Sampling: When cancer is detected by pathology in the patient who underwent lobectomy, axillary sampling is performed in the preoperative examinations of the axillary lymph nodes, and if metastatic lymph nodes are detected in the axilla, axillary dissection is performed according to its level.

2- Surgeries Where Breast Cannot Be Preserved

Mastectomy: If there is no involvement of the armpit lymphs, Sentinel Lymph Node Sampling (Sentinal lymph node biopsy)

It is the complete removal of the cancerous breast along with its own armpit lymph nodes. Today, this surgical procedure is only preferred in cases where there is a widespread tumor in the breast and the breast cannot be protected. If there is involvement in the axillary lymph nodes, Axillary Dissection is performed (removal of the axillary lymph nodes).

 

Non-Surgical Treatment Methods

• Hormonotherapy: It is a treatment method applied according to some chemical properties of tumor cells, aiming to protect against breast cancer for many years as a result of blocking cell proliferation by blocking hormones.

• Chemotherapy: It is a form of treatment in which a ed group of drugs is given intravenously to destroy cancer cells.

• Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is brought forward if the detected mass is larger than 3-3.5 cm, is close to the skin or muscle tissue in the back, and lymph node metastasis is detected in the armpit. In this case, better control of the mass is achieved by giving chemotherapy from the beginning and the risk of spread during surgery is reduced. In such well-ed cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to prolong disease-free survival. In addition, this method is important in monitoring the response of tumor tissue to chemotherapy.

• Radiotherapy: It is a method of killing tumor cells in that area by applying x-rays to the breast and armpit after surgical treatment and chemotherapy.

• Smart Drugs: These are drugs used to detect points called specific receptors in areas that enable division and proliferation and vascular development in cancer tissue and indicate the drug sensitivity of the tumor. These are drugs that are very effective because they bind specifically to that point only.

Cancer Preventive Treatments

Control of hormones

• Control of body hormones, preventing their excessive rise.
• Administration of hormone-blocking therapies in high-risk patients

Breast Conserving Surgery 

• Subcutaneous Mastectomy: If widespread precancerous lesions are detected in the person or if there are close relatives in the family who have developed breast cancer and if the patient's genetic screening reveals a high risk of breast cancer, it may be decided to drain the breast tissue without waiting for the patient to develop breast cancer. In this surgery, which is performed to prevent breast cancer, all breast tissue is removed. Again, frozen technique is used. If no carcinogenic focus is detected in breast cancer, the axillary lymph nodes are not touched. And again, the breast tissue is repaired and closed with a prosthesis.